The mold that tends to grow on and in locks is usually white. It's a strain of Mucor. It's usually found in rotting plant matter, soil, and on plants, but it is sometimes found in animal hair.
When you cut open your lock, was it on the inside too? Dissectthe lock and see how far it goes in. If it's just on the outside, it could possible be just lint from something. Do you have any shirts, hoodies, pillow cases, etc that have a similar colour? Most locks look whiteish on the inside, but that's just dead skin cells. If they don't smell, but are as full of the stuff as you say, then it's probably not mold. It's probably lint. YOu could do a few things for this.
1: Brew some strong black tea and use that to dye the lint. It does eventually come out, and faster if you use the BS wash.
2: Henna. Use that to dye your hair. But again, BS will strip the colour
3: Permanentlydye your hair to it's original colour. I'm not sure if BS will take that colour out
There's really not much you can do to remove lint of that quantity, but you can pretty easily cover it up.
If it is mold, Well, there are ways to get rid of it. They're not very pleasant, but they work. Check out the Dreaducation page and see what it takes. I't going to be something like the wax removal method.
If you are really not sure, but are paranoid, I'd be willing to check it out for you. If you wanted to, you could mail me the lock you cut off. I've got a microscope and access to lab equipment. I could take a deeper look than you could with your naked eye.
If it is that kind of mold, you don't want it around you for long. It's been known to cause flu like symptoms, and, nasal, lung and respiratory problems.
Message me if you want me to take a look at it